08 Feb Opiates Vs Opioids: Understanding The Distinction

Understanding the differences between opiates (natural substances from opium poppies like morphine) and opioids (including synthetics like fentanyl) is crucial for addressing their medical uses, risks, and societal impacts. Knowing their origins, effects, and potential for addiction can aid in informed healthcare decisions and contribute to ongoing discussions about the opioid crisis.

Many people find themselves a bit confused when talking about opiate and opioid medications, and it can be easy to see why. These terms are often used interchangeably, but they each have a very distinct meaning that is important to understand. Whether you are learning about these substances for personal reasons or if you are interested in finding out more about the ongoing opioid crisis, knowing the differences can help give you some clarity and give you the information you need to take part in more informed conversations about their medical uses, risks, and impact on society.

Understanding the difference between opioids and opiates begins with knowing their origins. Opiates are naturally occurring substances that are derived directly from the opium poppy plant, including compounds like morphine and codeine, which have been used for centuries in pain relief and other medical treatments. 

Opioids, on the other hand, are made up of a much broader category that includes opiates as well as synthetic and semi-synthetic substances. This means opioids include all drugs that act on the brain’s opioid receptors, whether they are natural, modified, or entirely man-made (1). Examples of opioids include oxycodone, fentanyl, and methadone.

How Opiates and Opioids Work

Both opiates and opioids interact with the opioid receptors in the brain and nervous system. These receptors play a role in regulating pain, mood, and certain bodily functions. When these substances bind to the receptors, they reduce the perception of pain, heighten feelings of relaxation, and in some cases, can even cause euphoria. 

While their effects are similar, synthetic opioids often have stronger or longer-lasting effects compared to natural opiates. For instance, fentanyl is significantly more potent than morphine, even in very small doses, which is why it has become so dangerous and is a prime example in discussions about the misuse of opioids.

The Effects of Opiates and Opioid Use

The effects of an opioid or opiate can vary depending on the type, dosage, and individual response toward the drug being taken. In the short term, these substances can offer a great deal of pain relief, relaxation, and in some cases, euphoria. 

However, long-term use can often lead to dependence and tolerance, which means that you may require higher doses in order to achieve the same effect. This can result in changes to brain function, mood disorders, and a significant risk of addiction. Some of the most common side effects of both opioids and opiates include drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression. In severe cases, misusing these medications can lead to overdose and death.

Natural opiates such as morphine and codeine are very important in medical settings because they help with managing severe pain or cough suppression.

Semi-synthetic opioids, like oxycodone and hydrocodone, are most commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain but they carry a high potential for misuse. Heroin, an illegal drug that is derived from morphine, is an example of the extreme dangers associated with opioid misuse. 

Synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl and methadone, are entirely man-made. Fentanyl is highly potent and used in controlled medical environments, while methadone is often given to patients to help them manage their addiction.

Medical and Prescription Practices of Opiates and Opioids

Both opioids and opiates are important in pain management, whether for acute pain after surgery, for chronic conditions, or for recovering from an injury. Morphine is regularly used in emergency and surgical care, while drugs like oxycodone are often prescribed for ongoing pain relief. However, because of the high potential for dependence and misuse, medical professionals now follow strict guidelines when prescribing opioids. Alternative pain management strategies, such as physical therapy or non-opioid medications, are being more frequently considered before turning to these powerful drugs.

Opiate vs Opioid: Comparing the Risks and Health Concerns

The risks associated with both of these substances can lead to addiction, because using them repeatedly can alter the brain’s ability to process pleasure and pain. Overdose and misuse are major public health concerns, with opioids being a leading cause of drug-related deaths across the world. Synthetic opioids like fentanyl have proven to be deadly, and have contributed to thousands of overdose fatalities every year. Raising awareness about these risks is important in order to combat the opioid epidemic.

Governments and healthcare systems classify an opioid or opiate into different schedules based on their medical uses and their potential for abuse. Policies have been updated in recent years to attempt to reduce opioid prescriptions and improve patient access to addiction treatments. For example, naloxone, which is an emergency treatment for opioid overdoses, is now widely available. This has helped to contribute to providing an essential safety net for those most at risk and has helped to save lives.

Looking Forward: New Research and Developments

The latest emerging research is aiming to develop pain relief options that come with lower addiction risks. Scientists are exploring new medications and different therapies that target the pain pathways without interacting with the opioid receptors. There have also been new public health efforts created in an attempt to focus on improving education about opioid safety and expanding the access to treatment for anyone who is struggling with addiction. These advancements are a much needed attempt to strike a balance between the need for effective pain management with the need to reduce misuse.

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between opiates and opioids requires us to properly recognize them as more than just a technical distinction. It is very important in order to give proper medical treatments and address public health challenges. 

While opiates are natural and opioids include a broader category, both substances share similar effects and also bring along with them similar risks. By staying informed, individuals and communities can take part in more meaningful discussions about these substances and the potential impact that they may have on our society.

FAQ:

Is kratom an opiate?

No, Kratom is not an opiate. Kratom is an herbal extract that comes in powder, liquid, or pill forms. It has many potential effects, including pain-relieving properties that are similar to opioids. However, it is not considered an opioid because it is derived from the Kratom tree (Mitragyna speciosa).

Is Xanax an opiate?

Xanax is not an opiate. This medication is a benzodiazepine that is intended to treat anxiety disorders.

References:

1. Kosten TR, George TP. The neurobiology of opioid dependence: implications for treatment. Sci Pract Perspect. 2002;1(1):13-20. doi:10.1151/spp021113.